微波加热PEI改性纤维素纤维的制备及其对水中Cu~(2+)的吸附性能研究

采用微波辅助加热的方法快速制备了聚乙烯亚胺(PEI)改性的纤维素纤维材料,并与常规加热法制备的改性纤维进行对比。利用元素分析(EA)、热重分析(TGA)对改性纤维进行了表征。同时,还讨论了溶液p H、吸附时间、温度、溶液浓度对改性纤维吸附性能的影响。结果表明:与常规加热制备相比,采用微波加热改性的纤维素纤维接枝率更高且反应时间更短。在p H为6时,改性纤维对Cu2+的吸附性能达到最大,最大吸附量为134.4 mg/g,吸附过程符合Langmuir等温模型和准二级动力学方程。100 W微波加热条件下,经5次吸附/解吸后,吸附量无显著变化。     

中空纤维膜吸收法脱除SO_2的实验研究

利用聚丙烯中空纤维膜组件为吸收器 ,以SO2 /空气混合气—清水、SO2 /空气混合气—NaOH溶液 ( 0 .1mol/L ,0 .5mol/L)为实验体系 ,研究了吸收液浓度、气液两相流速和气液两相流程等操作条件对吸收率的影响 ;以传质单元高度 (HTU)为指标 ,与 3种常用填料吸收塔进行了比较 ;研究结果表明 :中空纤维膜吸收技术用于工业SO2 脱除具有较高的传质效率和显著的环境效益     

活性碳纤维去除水中微污染物的研究

研究了在不同温度、pH等条件下，活性碳纤维(ACF)对水中微污染苯酚和氮苯系列的吸附动力学。在碱性条件下由于活性炭纤维表面的弱极化作用，吸附容量有所加强，同时也随着环境温度的增加而增大。活性炭纤维对氮苯系列吸附容量的大小比较是：k六氧苯＞k二氯苯＞k；三氯苯＞k氯零。通过对ACF与颗粒活性碳(GAC)吸附的QSAR推算和实测吸附容量进行比较，表明ACF的吸附容量要远大于GAC。     

Recovery and characterisation of carbon fibres from waste CFRP using supercritical n-butanol

ABSTRACT

The high-performance carbon fibres can be recycled from waste carbon fibre/epoxy resin composites by supercritical n-butanol. Recycling experiment designed by response surface method was used to investigate quantitative relation between degradation rate of epoxy resin and process parameters. Thus, the optimum process parameters could be obtained, and effects of process parameters and layers on degradation rate and mechanical performance of the recycled carbon fibres were analysed. The tensile strength of the recycled carbon fibre under the optimum process parameters was 94.53% of that of the original carbon fibre, tensile modulus was 93.57% of that of the original carbon fibre and interfacial shear strength was 90% of that of the original carbon fibre.     

Microplastics pollution in Bangladesh: current scenario and future research perspective

ABSTRACT

Microplastics are emerging environmental pollutants that have gained tremendous scientific interest in recent years. These micropollutants are omnipresent both in the terrestrial and aquatic environments posing a deleterious threat to the ecosystem and biodiversity. So, it is important to develop a deep understanding of the environmental fate and potential adverse impacts of microplastics on the aquatic and terrestrial environments. By critically reviewing the previously published scientific literature, the present synthesis briefly outlines the characteristics, occurrence and potential toxic effects of microplastics on terrestrial and aquatic biota. The article also focuses on some innovative approaches for sustainable remediation of macroplastics as well as microplastics. Since the concept of microplastics pollution has yet in its infancy in Bangladesh, this synthesis provides an overview of the current scenario of microplastics pollution and some future research recommendations in the context of Bangladesh which might be helpful to the novice researchers of this field.     

Fibre reinforced polymers in the sports industry – Life Cycle Engineering methodology applied to a snowboard using anisotropic layer design

Technological development has had huge impacts in sports performance throughout the years, fostering the development of specific materials and manufacturing processes for sports-related products. Within this context, a new technology for snowboards was developed taking advantage of the internal coupling effects of Fibre Reinforced Plastics (FRP) using an anisotropic layer design. This work deals with the technical, economic and environmental evaluation of a snowboard made of three alternative materials, namely carbon, glass and flax fibre reinforced plastics. It shows how a life cycle analysis can support the design and development of products by applying a Life Cycle Engineering methodology to the design process of a snowboard using an innovative technology. In this case, both the material choice and the fiber placement angles have a significant impact on the stiffness of the resulting FRP and thus in the three dimensions of analysis - cost, environmental and technical. The natural fiber is the most sustainable option environmentally, the glass fiber is the best one economically and the carbon fibre is the best in terms of technical performance. Therefore, the importance attributed to each dimension of analysis is pondered and traded-off to allow an aggregated analysis of the alternatives and a well-informed decision-making.     

Algae (Raphidocelis subcapitata) mitigate combined toxicity of microplastic and lead on Ceriodaphnia dubia

• Micro-plastics (MPs) significantly increase Pb toxicity. • Algae reduce the combined toxicity of MP and Pb. • The toxicity increase comes from high soluble Pb and MP-Pb uptake. • The toxicity reduction might come from energy related pathway. Microplastics (MPs) have been recognized as a new class of emerging contaminants in recent years. They not only directly impact aquatic organisms, but also indirectly impact these organisms by interacting with background toxins in the environment. Moreover, under realistic environmental conditions, algae, a natural food for aquatic organisms, may alter the toxicity pattern related to MPs. In this research, we first examined the toxicity of MPs alone, and their effect on the toxicity of lead (Pb) on Ceriodaphnia dubia (C. dubia), a model aquatic organism for toxicity survey. Then, we investigated the effect of algae on the combined toxicity of MPs and Pb. We observed that, MPs significantly increased Pb toxicity, which was related to the increase in soluble Pb concentration and the intake of Pb-loaded MPs, both of which increased the accumulation of Pb in C. dubia. The presence of algae mitigated the combined toxicity of MPs and Pb, although algae alone increased Pb accumulation. Therefore, the toxicity mitigation through algae uptake came from mechanisms other than Pb accumulation, which will need further investigation.     

典型水生生物中微塑料的累积、清除及食物链传递效应

以环境中双壳类、鱼类及节肢类等水生生物为对象，介绍了其对微塑料的累积与清除，重点分析了微塑料特性、生物特性和食物等因素对微塑料生物累积与清除的影响，并进一步概述了微塑料沿水生食物链的传递效应，阐述了其对复合污染物食物链传递的影响过程。结果发现，微塑料在水生生物中的累积、清除与其自身尺寸、形态和聚合物类型等密切相关，水生生物的结构特异性是干扰微塑料从生物体内排泄的重要因素，有无食物的环境条件是调节双壳类和节肢类生物对微塑料累积与清除的重要路径；微塑料虽然可以通过食物链由低营养级向高营养级传递，但不一定会产生生物放大效应；微塑料的载体效应导致其复合污染物的食物链传递过程发生改变，共存污染物在生物体内的释放和吸收时间是调控微塑料复合污染物食物链传递能力的重要因素。     

Data quality assessment for studies investigating microplastics and nanoplastics in food products: Are current data reliable?

● Data quality assessment criteria for MP/NPs in food products were developed. ● Data quality of 71 data records (69 of them only focused on MPs) was assessed. ● About 96% of the data records were considered unreliable in at least one criterion. ● Improvements need to be made regarding positive controls and polymer identification. ● A mismatch between MP/NPs used in toxicity studies and those in foods was recorded. Data on the occurrence of microplastics and nanoplastics (MP/NPs) in foods have been used to assess the human health risk caused by the consumption of MP/NPs. The reliability of the data, however, remains unclear because of the lack of international standards for the analysis of MP/NPs in foods. Therefore, the data quality needs to be assessed for accurate health risk assessment. This study developed 10 criteria applicable to the quality assessment of data on MP/NPs in foods. Accordingly, the reliability of 71 data records (69 of them only focused on MPs) was assessed by assigning a score of 2 (reliable without restrictions), 1 (reliable but with restrictions), or 0 (unreliable) on each criterion. The results showed that only three data records scored 2 or 1 on all criteria, and six data records scored 0 on as many as six criteria. A total of 58 data records did not include information on positive controls, and 12 data records did not conduct the polymer identification, which could result in the overestimation or underestimation of MP/NPs. Our results also indicated that the data quality of unprocessed foods was more reliable than that of processed foods. Furthermore, we proposed a quality assurance and quality control protocol to investigate MP/NPs in foods. Notably, the characteristics of MP/NPs used in toxicological studies and those existing in foods showed a remarkable discrepancy, causing the uncertainty of health risk assessment. Therefore, both the estimated exposure of MP/NPs and the claimed potential health risks should be treated with caution.     

阴极氧还原产电生物可渗透反应栅的研究Ⅰ.不锈钢毛电极模拟反应器

提出利用阴极氧还原和阳极微生物产电作用的产电生物可渗透反应栅（CORE-PRB）方法用于被有机物污染的地下水的修复,并以不锈钢毛为电极建立模拟反应装置验证了CORE-PRB的技术概念。实验中考察了分别以蔗糖＋醋酸盐和不同浓度的污泥消化液为进水时的反应电流,并研究电极距离对反应电流的影响。由于氧还原阴极阳极反应能力的限制,随着与阴极室距离加大,模拟反应装置各阳极室的电流迅速减小。有机基质的可生化性对模拟反应器的总电流也有显著影响。